Main guarantee products

Loans (financing) guarantee

Loan guarantee is guarantee agencies for lenders (institutions) and the borrower (mainly industry and commerce enterprises and natural person) provide third party guarantee. Guarantee agencies in the borrower that did not press loan contract prescribed time servicing, responsible for pay the borrower cope without paying the principal and interest of the. Loan guarantee contract in the borrower receiving the loan of the become effective, the borrower or the guarantor to repay the principal and interest failure. Loan guarantee is guarantee agencies for lenders (institutions) and the borrower (mainly industry and commerce enterprises and natural person) provide third party guarantee. Guarantee agencies in the borrower that did not press loan contract prescribed time servicing, responsible for pay the borrower cope without paying the principal and interest of the. Loan guarantee contract in the borrower receiving the loan of the become effective, the borrower or the guarantor to repay the principal and interest failure. Loan guarantee is the main business of credit guarantee agencies, the goal is to alleviate the enterprise financing difficulties, scattered bank lending, enterprises financing possible risk, rise to ensure that credit loans safety and promote enterprise development role. The main form of loan guarantees: 1, the floating capital loan guarantees. Working capital loans is to solve the enterprise in the production and business operation process flow and extending loan insufficient funds. The loan is characteristic of the loan time limit short (within one year), working capital is stronger, the financing cost is low, the customer is the most frequent use of loans. For working capital loans guarantee called the liquidity loan guarantees. 2, fixed assets loan guarantees. Enterprise purchase machine equipment, technology innovation, building a house purchase, real estate development, investment in capital construction need money, applies to the bank for loans offered guarantee. 3, bank bills discounting guarantee: is the enterprise (holder) in commercial draft did not expire before, in order to get funds, TieFu certain interest will bill right transfer to the bank provide the guarantee. Main have bank acceptance of draft discount guarantee, business acceptance of draft discount guarantee, etc. 4, personal consumption loan guarantees: is a stable career and economic income, credit is good, have to repay the loan principal and interest ability, natural person having a complete civil used to buy consumer products or used for education, tourism and other personal consumption loan to the bank for the proposed offer assure. Main have personal housing mortgages loan guarantees, auto loan guarantees, a personal housing decorate loan guarantee, big durable consumer goods loan guarantee, personal expenditure spent loan guarantees. 5, personal business loan guarantees: is individual and industrial and commercial door or a sole proprietorship enterprise in the production, management turnover needs to bank loans for provided as security when.

Small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee the significance of establishment

Effective to solve small and medium-sized enterprise financing the cost

Credit guarantee system set up after, small and medium-sized enterprise financing cost is the bank of loan interest plus a certain amount of handling fee, far less than the cost of raising money from the folk, and to reduce the financing cost of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Can reduce the cost of management and business bank risk

The existence of the credit guarantee agencies for small and medium-sized enterprises can simplify the bank loan program, reduce the management cost. And because the credit guarantee institutions able to deal effectively with the bank solvency crisis, reduce the Banks' bad loans, so can stimulate the bank to open up new credit business.

Credit guarantee system has the function of the economic lever

And general enterprises and institutions of the professional guarantee compare, due to overcome the spontaneity, scattered shortcomings, such as sex, credit guarantee system, with the system can be studied the specific target, according to their own strength and credibility for many times the assets of the security liability, so this kind of credit guarantee has the function of magnification, in social resource allocation process, can play economic leverage, become the government regulation of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises effectively

Editor this period of credit guarantee defects

From the political economics level, the Chinese small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system currently in structure, operation and function existence triple defects. Structural defects is to point to the financial guarantee in ZF dominant position, type of business folk capital guarantee and mutual aid guarantee the share is very low. Business defects is mainly embodied in the lack of four aspects, namely fund compensation mechanism and diversification mechanism, the guarantee and guarantee the lack of talent varieties. Functional defects and structural defects and profit-making has close relation??????? Structural defect in the sense of the macro functional defects, business defects is a the microscopic sense of functional defects.

Structural weaknesses

Small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system structural defects mainly displays in: in institutions and guarantee the loan amount on the number, ZF guarantee high share, folk capital type guarantee (including mutual guarantee and commercial guarantee) the proportion of the severely limited. By the end of 2003 to the end of June, the national credit guarantee agencies for 966 home, folk capital type guarantee agencies about 35.2%. In 2001 about $10 billion in total guarantee amount, ZF guarantee fund for 6.6 billion yuan. This shows that the financial contribution of the whole system in ZF guarantee is in a dominant position. In the system of market economy, the government is as a macro DiaoKongZhe and social management and existence and operation, in the market supervision function is to market, market rules formulated and maintaining market order. And, small and medium-sized enterprise loan gap as a phenomenon of the market, the market itself have mechanism, reasons and the ability to solve it, that is, by private capital in middle and small enterprise loan market for loan guarantees. Due to the small and medium-sized enterprises more than quantity wide, loan demand has obvious individuation, metabolism faster, so impossible to finish in ZF macro regulation and social management function and after sufficient financial guarantee system in middle and small enterprise plays a leading role. So, small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system heavily reliant on ZF guarantee, no need or impossible.

Business defects

Small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system of management defect mainly reflects in four aspects the lack of financial compensation mechanism and diversification mechanism, guarantee varieties and guarantee the lack of talent. In addition, many through the policy invests the establishment ZF guarantee agencies did not implement operation of enterprise management and marketization, administrative intervention are still outstanding. Some local government according to the "who investment, who decision" market principles, think ZF in voting on security project, so leaders decided to project the story is not rare. Some local leaders to use this kind of ZF for small and medium-sized enterprises credit guarantee for "set rent" or "rent-seeking", or put to small and medium enterprises ZF credit guarantee this long-term behavior and politicized lot. 1. The lack of money compensation mechanism ZF guarantee agencies funds to local government at all levels of financial capital and assets into give priority to, DanBaoFei income as auxiliary. But local fiscal funds and assets into most are one-off, scale and small. ZF guarantee agencies to profit as the main target not, DanBaoFei charge is low. Commercial guarantee agencies is less capital strength, the same lack of money compensation mechanism. Most commercial guarantee agencies as the cash for the high DanBaoFei source, part of the same period of guarantee agencies bank loan interest rates by half DanBaoFei charge, some institutions of higher DanBaoFei than this. International in most countries DanBaoFei general at around 1%, France is 0.6%, our country TW area and Hong Kong SAR is only about 0.5%. 2. Lack of diversification mechanism because the lack of clear system standard, guarantee agencies and because too small and negotiations in the strength of weak position, so most Banks will be small and medium-sized enterprise loan risk shifting to the guarantee agencies, there are a lot of guarantee agencies or even 100% of the forced to assume the credit risk. International, guarantee agencies generally assume only 80% of the loan responsibility, in the United States for 80%, Canada for 85%, France, for 50%, Japan is 50 to 80%, Germany for 50-80%. Guarantee agencies not only focused on the loan risk too much, and they are lack of diversification mechanism. Most of the guarantee agencies, especially business guarantee agencies, are seeking a counter-guaranty terms to spread risk, or to improve security charge the transfer of risk. 3. A serious lack of guarantee of professional personnel of the capital contribution in some local government guarantee agencies is often by not familiar with guarantee business as ZF officials, but ZF guarantee agencies but only in the operation and management of experts under a market-oriented and operation of enterprise can realize break-even or profit-making business, to not to profit as the ultimate goal of the policy objective. Folk capital type guarantee agencies at present business is one of the reasons for the lack of slow and professional management and operations. Meanwhile, China is still no guarantee qualification access system and disciplinary systems also caused the existing from personnel of the lack of ability and quality. 4. Poor guarantee varieties, the period focused on short-term China most guaranteed loans deadline in less than six months, the longest do not exceed one year. Guarantee breed basically limited to liquidity, few equipment, technical transformation and long-term loan. International, most countries are to small and medium-sized enterprises is the long-term bank loans to provide security, so guarantee period is longer, be in commonly 2 years. The longest is the United States, the guarantee period for 17 years. Guarantee breed is very rich also, including venture loans, bills discounting, science and technology development loan, equipment loans and technical transformation of loans, etc.

Functional defects

Structural weaknesses of functional defects bring embodied in the macroscopic level. In the past, China's large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises can directly use of the country because the credit and bank loans this exogenous financing evolved into endogenous financing. Along with our country market economy system establishment and development, China has gradually corrected the mistake phenomenon, the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and assets of the loan financing credit hooks. If now and put too much credit in ZF in small and medium-sized enterprise, equivalent to go to the other extreme. This will allow state-owned enterprises with excessive use of national credit, cause financial burden ZF, ZF amplification risk, market risk management function decline. ZF guarantee of small and medium-sized enterprises, the more loans, which means ZF dial out of the more financial capital, ZF burden, and also means that the more of the credit ZF spending, for the small and medium-sized enterprises and the more loan risk. At the same time, the market itself has the excellence of spreading risk management and function, and small and medium-sized enterprise loan risk was market phenomenon, ZF guarantee dominance of the show for ZF might have been too much by market management and dispersed risk, must cause the market management and dispersive risk function weakening. The existing business system defects restricted the guaranteed loan market demand, adding to a loan guarantee moral risk and adverse selection, which affect the existing credit guarantee system performance and sustainable development. Too much ZF guarantee will induce the opportunism behavior of the small and medium-sized enterprises, increase the moral risk, easy for the small and medium-sized enterprise add to the dependence of ZF. Especially in China many enterprise constraint mechanism has not really form, this problem is more easy to produce.

Guarantee the significance and the advantage

Because the bank microfinance marketing cost is higher, small businesses directly to apply for a loan from the bank accepts the more difficult, this can make small businesses have financing needs, often can to guarantee agencies and financing institutions for help, guarantee agencies of the low cost customer choice, choose from high quality project to recommend to cooperative Banks, improve the success rate of financing, can reduce bank small loans marketing costs. In addition, in the loan risk control, Banks are reluctant to put on in the small loans, one important reason is that Banks these loans management cost is higher, while the benefits are not obvious, to this kind of loan, guarantee agencies may through the optimization of credit management process and form for small loans management personalized service, share the bank management cost, to avoid bank trouble back at home. Second, after the event risk release, the advantage of guarantee agencies is irreplaceable, bank loan project risk in straight, disposal pawn often cycle is long, the high cost of lawsuit, BianXianXing not beautiful. Guarantee agencies' cash compensation, greatly solve the difficult problem of the disposal of Banks, some guarantee agencies to do a month (investment guarantee even 3 days) loans that exceed the time limit compensation, the Banks' bad loans to be eliminated, then by guarantee agencies through the bank more flexible than the treatment method for the risk dissolves. Another, guarantee company timeliness fast. As the bank, its inherent loan mode process, medium and small business owners caused tremendous amount of time; And guarantee the company on the show flexible for different design special financing scheme of enterprise mode, greatly saves business owners of time and energy, to meet the needs of the business owner urgent need money. Moreover, in the mortgage guarantee company on the basis of credit, limit considerably more than the mortgage net worth. For small and medium-sized enterprises provide more needs money. For example Beijing thick jersey investment guarantee Co., LTD, it can provide enterprises with comprehensive credit 80%-200% of the loan model. At present, many investment guarantee company in the credit risk management and loan dissolve and the regulations of the operation of high efficiency, won the trust bank, the bank loan some cooperation after collection, loan asset disposal of outsourcing to guarantee company, both sides have made good cooperation effect. Guarantee company before the financial institutions is classified, and now belongs to the non-financial institutions, and the bank is belongs to pure financial industry, both form similar, on the function for the enterprise to financing, but still has essential difference. Guarantee company is not with their own fund lending, but for the enterprise credit and guaranteed by the bank lending. That is enterprise in bank lending standards to qualification is not enough, can look for guarantee company guarantee, so guarantee companies do is Banks don't want to do that part of the business, the risk by assure the company to undertake. The advantage of guarantee company is low threshold, efficient, loan speed, accept all kinds of forms of against the pledge as counter guarantee measures, such as real estate, vehicles, trademark, equity and so on is the pledge.

Trust investment trust investment way:

 

One is involved in the way they do business, called the equity investment type, the trust and investment institutions appointed representative participation to the investment enterprise leadership and management, and in the investment proportion as profits or losses divided for the basis of responsibility. Another way is cooperation method, called the contractual investment, that is, only for capital investment, not participate in business management. This kind of investment, trust and investment institutions after the investment by negotiated the constant proportion, in a certain period divide investment income, expires or continue to investment, or giving equity and eat your investment gold. Financial trust investment institutions of manufacturing enterprises in investment, and to invest in banking companies often used the following ways: 1, long-term investment cooperation. Investors in investment, need not agreed in advance with partners investment recovery date, and as an investment enterprise long-term partners, as long as the investment enterprise production normal, investment cooperation relationship will always exist. 2, regular investment cooperation. Regular cooperation investment is investors prior agreed when the investment period, in cooperation investment period, investors to its investment returns, share management risks of doing business. 3, fixed investment share out bonus. Investors in investment, in certain time agreed in advance within the fixed amount of the profit. 4, the rate investment share out bonus. The interest in investment share out bonus investment is investors, agreed in advance by the joint venture enterprises in the investment period, according to the trust and investment companies invest amount to pay interest on a regular basis.

Trust and investment investment program

Financial trust agencies for trust and investment business program to the project in screening, evaluation, negotiations, establishment, execution and termination six stages.

Project screening

The screening of the project is to trust investment company from the planning department, enterprise such as the competent department through certain channels in current projects in the preliminary screening. The trust company after investigation and study, and carries on the earnest analysis, the trust and investment conditions to the project screening out, does not conform to the trust and investment conditions shall be promptly eliminate it. Trust company in accordance with the trust and investment conditions, according to the project, according to screen out the trust investment plan and their own financial resources, to make the next step of the evaluation.

Project evaluation

Trust and investment

In the preliminary screening, and on the basis of trust and investment company according to the feasibility study report, project life period of the necessary conditions of the quantitative and qualitative analysis, the necessity and feasibility of investment projects by scientific appraising, estimation and prediction, provide the basis for investment decisions, and the process is the project evaluation. In project evaluation to the micro and macro, qualitative and quantitative, technology and economy, key and general, investigation and the way of combination of prediction of investment project a complete system of economic and technical argumentation, enormous amounts of data, and carry on the various calculation and comparison. Trust and investment project assessment, mainly includes the following content. 1) the investment environment evaluation. Project investment environment including project in geographical environment, natural environment, economic environment and social environment, etc. The geographical environment requirement of the investment project the geographical position is superior, the railways, roads, ports and airports, convenient transportation, etc.; The natural environment refers to the sun to trust investment square

The water is rich in resources, climate suitable for investment projects production; The economic environment mainly refers to the project is located in the economic development center, developed economy and industrial base is good, a strong technical force, the capital source channels, etc.; Social environment refers to education level is high, and postal culture, telecommunications sector developed countries, to the region have favourable conditions policy development, environmental protection complete facilities, etc. 2) product market evaluation. First to predict the project life period raise market supply and demand; Second from macroscopic aspect predict product sales; Finally from the microscopic aspects predict product sales, analyze project after the production, product quality, performance and design have strong competitive power, analyzes the product cost is reduced. 3) supply situation assessment. The first step to the name of the raw materials, products, specifications, requirements and their sources of supply, supply mode and the conditions of transport to find out. The second step is to investment projects of energy supply, such as water, electricity, coal, gas analysis. If energy supply, they must know its no reason and may take measures, including whether energy saving measures for energy, energy department may supply and analysis of project after the production of energy supply ensure degree. Trust and investment card

4) technology equipment evaluation. For the investment of the project technology equipment evaluation focuses on the suitability of the advanced analysis. The production process is advanced, it is to point to project the production process of mature reliable, and project production conditions, and the conditions of sales adapt, especially project technical level and with the management level, and can save investment, saving energy, should also have a deal with the pollution process facilities; The machine equipment advanced applicable is refers to machine equipment and production technology of supporting, key equipment and auxiliary equipment of supporting and skilled workers. 5) financial benefit evaluation. Financial evaluation is based on the feasibility study report as the basis, with the management accounting, and other aspects of the method, from the Angle of enterprises analysis of project financial benefit to judge whether it is feasible in terms of financial projects. Financial benefit evaluation, first look normal year after project put into production, can produce profits of the proportion of the total information has how old, that is, through investment yields will assess the profitability of the investment; Second look at the length of the investment capital can be recovered; Finally and analysis profits net present value and internal rate of return. The above four index calculation in here no longer etc. Comprehensive above all aspects of evaluation results, the financial trust agencies of the investment projects of the person in charge of the necessity and in technology, financial and economic feasibility conclusion, must be one of the most optimal scheme, write investment project assessment report.

Project negotiations

The project is in negotiations assessment report put forward the feasibility of the project on the basis of the opinion. Through the negotiating investment parties, not only for sign a contract to prepare, but also for the investment company business development, the investment parties for the mutual understanding, to carry on the long-term cooperation effects. The main content of the project negotiations have: investment way, amount and deadline. Methods the distribution of the profits. Investment enterprise the form of organization and management way. Financial trust company and other investors when negotiations, insist on the equality and mutual benefit, friendly consultation principle. Also want to pay attention to the proper combination of principle and flexibility.

Project to establish

The sun trust investment square

The establishment of the project mainly refers to sign the contract. Investment contract is signed, it has legal effect, investment parties must, in accordance with the execution. According to the national policy of economic contract law and regulations, the investment of the contents of the contract should include the following ten three points: investment projects in the name, legal address; The registered capital of investment projects and the total amount of investment; Investment project management content, scale and the way; For the investment mode of investment, investment party amount, the conditions for cooperation, provide service way, the investment structure and deadline; Investment parties investment delivery date, exceed the time limit not of pay, the terms of the transfer, arrears; Investment enterprise organization form and legal representative, the board of directors or the joint mechanism composed; Investment enterprise management mode, management organization setup and management system; Investment income allocation methods of the parties; Investment parties to debt and deficit to perform the duties and responsibilities of the method; Investment enterprise financial and accounting system, Labour and wages, labor management and Labour insurance, etc; The conditions of the contract to suspend or suspension, debt after the liquidation and the processing of assets; When the contract is terminated the debt of the liquidation property treatment; Pigeons to inform contract the responsibility, dispute solution and other matters should be stated.

Project execution

In investment projects established, investment parties shall be stipulated in the contract, will recognize the investment paid into. Financial trust investment company except full investment funds agreement dial, but also to use of funds and project progress supervision; Project is put into production, and to support the joint production and business activities, strengthen financial supervision, make its produce benefit as soon as possible. In case of loss, according to the rules, bear losses.

Program termination

Investment projects in the following circumstances can execute termination: investment expires, both sides has no intention of extension, can withdraw investment; Such as operating losses or a party fails to perform the duty, or because of the irresistible factors so that the business cannot proceed, can clean dissolved; If the contract allows investment shares transfer, trust and investment companies can according to condition, decide whether equity transfer. In addition to the time of investment, investment project appear other dissolved, should by the board of directors of the dissolution of joint venture enterprise put forward the application, and the newspaper examination and approval this enterprise is established, after the examination and approval authority, can dissolve. Investment project announced is dissolved, the board of directors and other relevant management agency shall be submitted to the enterprise of the liquidation procedures, principles and the liquidation commission candidate, report to the competent government departments to review and monitor the liquidation. The liquidation commission appointed by the person for investment parties or parties may jointly hire, the mission is the property of the investment projects, the creditor's rights and debts of the comprehensive inventory. On this basis, the investment project of the balance sheet, and property catalogue, puts forward the enterprise property value and the computation basis, so as to make a plan of liquidation, and report to the board by discussion before implementation.